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Assembly in San Francisco, Usa, were acquired thanks to VIRTIS, the Noticeable and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer on board Venus Specific. To obtain this basic info about the surface temperature, VIRTIS produced use of the so called infrared spectral 'windows' present in the Venusian atmosphere. Through these 'windows' thermal radiation at specific wavelengths can leak from the deepest atmospheric layers, pass through the dense cloud curtain situated at about 60 kilometres altitude, and then escape to space, where it can be detected by devices like VIRTIS. In this way VIRTIS succeeded in looking via the thick carbon dioxide curtain encompassing Venus and detected the heat straight emitted by the scorching rocks on the ground. The measurements, made in August 2006 more than the Themis and Phoebe Areas in the southern hemisphere of Venus, reveal temperature versions of thirty levels between lowlands and mountain tops, correlating nicely with existing topographical radar data from prior missions. The Themis Region is a highland plateau located at 270 East longitude and at about 37 South latitude. It is a area that has experienced strong volcanic activity, basket nike air max soldes at least in the geologic previous. On Venus there are no day and evening versions of the surface area temperature. The heat is basket nike air max 90 pas cher globally 'trapped' below the carbon dioxide environment, with pressure nike air max solde ninety times higher than on Earth. Rather, the main temperature variation is due to topography. Just like on Earth, mountain tops are colder, whereas the lowlands are warmer. stivali ugg scontati The 'only' difference is that on Venus 'cold' indicates 447 Celsius, while 'warm' indicates 477 Celsius. Such high temperatures are caused by the strongest greenhouse effect discovered in the Solar Method. "The VIRTIS results represent a major stage forward in our attempt to determine specific surface attributes on the surface of Venus", said Jrn Helbert from the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin, Germany, and a member of the VIRTIS group. "By 'peeling' off the atmospheric levels from the VIRTIS data, we can finally evaluate the surface area temperature," Helbert added. In purchase to achieve this, the Venus Express researchers began evaluating the maps of the Venusian topography acquired by NASA's Magellan orbiter in the early nineties with the information gathered by VIRTIS. The Magellan topography maps permit for a tough prediction of the surface temperature, as well. Evaluating these predictions with the measurements produced by VIRTIS enables searching for hot spots that show even uggs scontati higher temperatures than the oven hot surface, possibly indicative of energetic volcanism. This immediate interdependence between temperature and topography will allow scientists to derive new topography maps of the Venusian surface from temperature measurements. This will assist in complementing the Magellan maps. "Really, when comparing our temperature map with topographical data from Magellan, we are not only obtaining quite a good agreement, but we can even fill gaps that the Magellan and Venera fifteen radar data sets still left open", concluded Pierre Drossart, the other Principal Investigator of the VIRTIS experiment, from